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常言道“不苦不涩不成茶”,为什么“好茶苦口”呢?

常言道“不苦不涩不成茶”。近来,安徽农业大学学者发现“好茶苦口”背后的秘密。影响茶叶苦涩味的关键酶和基因被找到,酯型儿茶素是苦涩味的主要来源,黄酮醇也影响著茶叶的涩味。
常言道“不苦不涩不成茶”。近来,安徽农业大学学者发现“好茶苦口”背后的秘密。影响茶叶苦涩味的关键酶和基因被找到,酯型儿茶素是苦涩味的主要来源,黄酮醇也影响著茶叶的涩味。

据介绍,一直以来,安徽农业大学茶树生物学与资源利用国家重点实验室夏涛和高丽萍教授课题组就围绕多酚类物质的醯基化、糖甘化、聚合反应展开了系列研究。课题组以酯型儿茶素为研究物件,采用酶学分析、蛋白质纯化、蛋白质肽链质谱分析等研究方法,经过反复试验,证实没食子醯基葡萄糖转移酶(UGGT)和没食子醯基转移酶(ECGT)在酯型儿茶素形成过程中起到关键作用,其中编码没食子醯基葡萄糖转移酶(UGGT)的基因CsUGT84A22已经被功能鉴定。
研究显示,茶叶中的多酚类物质主要是儿茶素,儿茶素分为单体儿茶素和酯型儿茶素,其中酯型儿茶素约占70%,是影响茶叶苦涩味的主要成分。
研究人员还发现,黄酮醇也属于多酚类物质,在茶叶中主要以糖甘形式存在,影响茶叶的涩味。课题组通过对一百多个茶树类黄酮糖基转移酶基因进行筛选和系统进化分析,得到两个可能编码黄酮醇转移酶的基因CsUGT78A14和CsUGT78A15,经过原核表达和酶学分析,验证了这两个基因分别编码黄酮醇葡糖糖甘转移酶和黄酮醇半乳糖甘转移酶,且参与茶叶黄酮醇糖甘化反应。
此外,课题组利用分离纯化和鉴定技术研究发现,茶树根中实际上含有约8%的多酚类化合物,主要以聚合形式存在。这项研究为全面解析茶叶苦涩味形成机理提供了一个新的研究思路。
“未来人们可通过调节基因表达和酶活性,影响酯型儿茶素的合成量,从而对茶叶苦涩味进行调控。”夏涛教授表示,研究成果同时为高品质茶树品种选育、茶叶综合利用、产业增收增效等提供了基础理论支撑。


魏书的主要科研项目与成果:

先后在中国农科院郑州果树所和江苏农科院园艺所从事果树花卉的栽培技术和脱病毒技术的研究。自然基金项目(在研):茶树细胞萜类代谢分支流向的控制与萜类糖苷香气前体物质合成新通路的构建,安徽农业大学人才项目(在研): 增进植物香气品质及提高植物对病毒抗性的生物技术研究 专利1.Shu WEI, Daniel L. Siegel, Ira Marton, Ben-Ami Bravdo, Mara Dekel, Oded Shoseyov, Method of producing recombinant Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase and an aroma spreading plant. 美国专利号: 7,223,9022.Shu WEI, Daniel L. Siegel, Ira Marton, Ben-Ami Bravdo, Mara Dekel, Oded Shoseyov, Aspergillus Niger Beta-Glucosidase Gene, Protein And Uses Thereof. 加拿大专利号: 23920603.Shu WEI, Oded Shoseyov, Agents for control of codling moth in fruit orchards. 加拿大专利申请号: CA 2583122 (pending). 2012Shu Wei, Margaret Y. Gruber, Bianyun Yu, Ming-Jun Gao, George G. Khachatourians, Dwayne D. Hegedus, Isobel A. P. Parkin, Abdelali Hannoufa(2012) Arabidopsis mutant sk156 reveals complex regulation of SPL15 in a miR156-controlled gene network. BMC Plant Biology , 12:169, doi:10.1186/略-169.Huang S, Shu T, Zhang J, Ma W, Wei S, Huang LQ (2102)Functional significance of some particular amino acid residues in Bombyx mori pyridoxal kinase. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2012 Feb;161(2):155-60.Ming-Jun Gao, Gordon Gropp, Shu Wei et al., (2012) Combinatorial networks regulating seed development and seed filling. In Embryogenesis ISBN 979-953-307-439-8, ed. by Dr.K.Sato,Croatia, InTech Publisher.贺志荣,项威,徐燕,高丽萍,夏涛,魏书*(2012) 茶树挥发性萜类物质及其糖苷化合物生物合成的研究进展. 茶叶科学 32(1):1-8. (*通信作者)。2011Shu Wei*, Abdelali Hannoufa*, Julie Soroka, Ning Xu, Xiang Li, Alireza Zebarjadi, and Margaret Gruber* (2011) Enhanced β-ionone emission in Arabidopsis over-expressing AtCCD1 reduces feeding damage in vivo by the crucifer flea beetle. Environmental Entomology 40(6): 1622-1630 (* Co-corresponding authors).ShuoHao Huang, HaiBin Zeng, JianYun Zhang, Shu Wei, LongQuan Huang (2011) Interconversions of different forms of vitamin B6 in tobacco plants. Phytochemistry 72(17): 2124-2129.doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.019.ShuoHao Huang, HaiBin Zeng, JianYun Zhang, Shu Wei, LongQuan Huang (2011) Characterization of enzymes involved in the interconversions of different forms of vitamin B6 in tobacco leaves. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 49(1): 1299-1305.ShuoHao Huang, Ting Shu, JianYun Zhang, Wang Ma, Shu Wei, LongQuan Huang (2011) Functional significance of some particular amino acid residues in Bombyx mori pyridoxal kinase. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 161(2): 155-160 doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.10.009.Ming-Jun Gao, Xiang Li, Helen Lui, Gordon M. Gropp, Derek D. Lydiate, Shu Wei and Dwayne D. Hegedus (2011) ASIL1 is required for proper timing of seed filling in Arabidopsis. Plant Signaling & Behavior 6(12): 1886-1888.2010Shu Wei, Bianyun Yu, Margaret Y. Gruber, George G. Khachatourians, Dwayne D. Hegedusa, Abdelali Hannoufa (2010) Enhanced seed carotenoid levels and branching in transgenic Brassica napus expressing the Arabidopsis miR156b gene. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58(17): 9572–9578.Shu Wei (2010) Methyl jasmonic acid induced expression pattern of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway genes in Catharanthus roseus seedlings. Plant growth Regulation 61(3): 243-251.2009Shu Wei (2009) Utility of tetracycline inducible promoter system in transgenic Catharanthus roseus hairy roots. International Journal of Plant Sciences 170(7): 829-833.Shu Wei, Xiang Li, Margaret Y. Gruber, Rong Li, Rong Zhou, Alireza Zebarjadi, Abdelali Hannoufa (2009) RNAi-mediated suppression of DET1 alters the levels of carotenoids and sinapate esters in seeds of Brassica napus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 (12): 5326–5333.Renlin Xu, Shu Wei (2009) Marker-free Technologies for Transgenic Plant Research. In: Transgenic Plants: New Research edited by Oliver T. Chan, ISBN 978-1-60692-017-6. © 2008 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, USA.Before 2008Suping Zhou, Shu Wei, Levy Shawn, Braden Boone (2007) Microarray analysis on salt stress affected genes in tomato seedlings. African Journal of Environmental Technology 1 (2): 014-026.Xia Liu, Songwen Wang, Yong Wang, Shu Wei* (2007) Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a nuclear recessive male-sterile gene [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ms91(t)] in rice. Genome 50(9): 796-801 (*Corresponding author).Shu Wei, Yaniv Semel, Ben-Ami Bravdo, Henryk Czosnek, Oded Shoseyov (2007) Expression and subcellular compartmentation of Aspergillus niger ß-glucosidase in transgenic tobacco result in an increased insecticidal activity on whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). Plant Science 172:1175–1181.Shu Wei, Ira Marton, Mara Dekel, Dror Shalitin, Efraim Lewinshon, Ben-Ami Bravdo, and Oded Shoseyov, (2004) Manipulating volatile emission in tobacco leaves by expressing Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase in different subcellular compartments. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2: 341–350.Shu Wei, Ben-Ami Bravdo, Oded Shoseyov, (2004) Fluorescent Screening of Transgenic Arabidopsis Seeds without Germination. Plant Physiology 135:709–714.Shu Wei, Haim Reuveny, Ben-Ami Bravdo, and Oded Shoseyov (2004) Hydrolysis of glycosidically bound volatiles from apple leaves (Cv. Anna) by Aspergillus niger b-glucosidase affects the behavior of codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52 (20), 6212 -6216.

企业财务会计实训与练习第八版答案答案有吗?

(四)练习材料按计划成本计价的核算
1.借:物资采购——原材料 200 000
应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额) 34 000
贷:银行存款 234 000
借:原材料——A材料 220 000
贷:物资采购——原材料 220 000
借:物资采购——原材料 20 000
贷:材料成本差异——原材料20 000
2.借:物资采购——原材料 100 000
贷:应付账款 100 000
借:原材料——A材料 95 000
贷:物资采购——原材料 95 000
借:材料成本差异——原材料 5 000
贷:物资采购——原材料 5 000
3.借:物资采购——原材料 40 765
应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额) 6 835(6 800+500×7%)
贷:银行存款 47 600
4.借:原材料——A材料 41 160(980×42)
贷:物资采购——原材料 41 160
借:物资采购——原材料 395
贷:材料成本差异——原材料 395
5.(1)借:生产成本 200 000
制造费用 20 000
销售费用 5 000
管理费用 25 000
贷:原材料——A材料 250 000
(2)材料成本差异率=2 000+(-20 000+5 000-395)×100%
100 000+(220 000+95 000+41 160)
=-13 395×100%≈-2.94%
456 160
(3) 发出材料应分摊的成本差异:
生产成本应分摊:200 000×(-2.94%)=-5880
制造费用应分摊:20 000×(-2.94%)= -588
销售费用应分摊:5 000×(-2.94%)=-147
管理费用应分摊:25 000×(-2.94%)=-735
借:材料成本差异——原材料(A) 7 350
贷:生产成本 5 880
制造费用 588
销售费用 147
管理费用 735
应该是这个吧 ,如果是 要不要完整答案啊~?


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